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Word of the Day. Meanings Meanings. Examples Origin Usage. What's hot. He's invisible. It has been found that the use of emoji in classroom activities will help students better understand what they have learned Brody and Caldwell, , especially in computer-mediated teaching online learning Dunlap et al. Emoji can help young children understand abstract concepts such as security, interpersonal management and emotions and also improve their ability to express themselves Fane, ; Fane et al.

Understanding users' real emotions when they use emoji is important for future research. At present, it is difficult to accurately measure participants' true reactions through self-reporting. Categorizing emotions by amassing a corpus using big data is unable to depict users' complex emotions such as are expressed by emoji at a more detailed level, for example emotions such as shame, anger and so on. Therefore, we hold the opinion that in the future, researchers can use some psychological methods in the corpus test to measure the physiological indexes of participants with professional equipment such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electroencephalography and multipurpose polygraphs to depict users' real emotions more accurately.

Future research could also benefit from a more qualitative approach, such as interviews and case studies to learn about emoji use in the context of real-world communication.

In practice, some researchers suggest that video and screen shots can be used in concrete operations to observe and record users' choices of emoji during communication Gibson et al.

We believe that observing whether users' actual facial expressions differ from their selected emoji emotionally in communication can help researchers understand users' psychological mechanism in communication. At present, research focuses on the description of users' preference for emoji, but fails to go deeply into the underlying reasons. Users' preferences for emoji are influenced by many factors such as contextual information, interpersonal relationships, familiarity with emoji and personal interpretations other than official definitions, which are all worthwhile factors to explore.

The emergence and widespread use of stickers has impacted the status of emoji, and some research has begun to improve the user experience of stickers Shi et al. Whether stickers will replace emoji is an interesting topic for researchers. Under the impact of stickers, how to further enhance emoji's performance in emotion and semantic expression and improve user experience is also a direction worth exploring.

As part of popular culture, the development and use of emoji reflects specific political and cultural characteristics. Many researchers have interpreted emoji's social influence from different perspectives. For example, some uncivilized use of emoji can harm public consciousness, a point which is not yet appreciated by the public Zerkina et al. Other researchers believe that the popularity of emoji reflects multicultural communication and cultural globalization Skiba, , and that there is some unconscious power behind the use of non-verbal cues like emoji Elder, , which strengthen the inequality and exploitation of our social system Stark and Crawford, For example, Leslie argues that the quantitative use of emoji in the workplace such as the use of emoji to give ratings has turned the employee into something like an on-the-shelf item in a digital economy warehouse, affecting their freedom.

The democratization of emoji selection and Unicode should also be discussed. Emoji of different skin colors have been introduced to address the lack of racial representation Sweeney and Whaley, Therefore, future research can explore the deeper meaning of emoji use from different perspectives, especially the links between emoji use and political movements, subcultural groups, and social inequality.

This paper systematically reviews related research on emoji, aiming to provide a global perspective and clues for researchers interested in emoji. This paper summarizes the developmental process, usage features, functional attributes, and fields of research related to emoji. Emoji developed from emoticons, and have both emotional and semantic functions. The use of emoji is influenced by and varies according to factors such as individual circumstances, culture, and platforms.

Ambiguity and misunderstanding may occur in different situations and cultural backgrounds. From the perspective of many fields communication, computing, behavioral science, marketing, and education , this paper comprehensively combs the research topics, methods and tools used in studies related to emoji, systematically summarizes the research status of emoji in various fields, and puts forward some new perspectives for future emoji research such as emotional association, use preference, new modalities and impacts on society.

The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author. QB contributed conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Ai, W. Google Scholar. Al Rashdi, F. Functions of emojis in WhatsApp interaction among Omanis.

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There are also a legion of people who will see the emoji and instantly think of K-Pop star Yuri, who is known for making a gesture with her hand in the shape of a dumpling.

It is often associated with the phrase "I mandu you" - with mandu being the Korean word for dumpling - because fans joke about the pose being her way of saying "I love you" to them. To have an emoji created, a person must make a detailed application for it to be included in Unicode, the system which makes text and emoji function on electronic devices. This is how the same emoji can appear across different devices, regardless of whether it is an Apple or Google product.

The most recent batch of emojis to be released in also includes gender-neutral wedding symbols and the trans flag. A pickup truck emoji approved by Unicode is thought to have been inspired by Ford, the US carmaker, which petitioned Unicode for the icon.