What is the difference between ferns and conifers

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A conifer has roots, a woody stem and needle-like leaves. Most conifers lose and replace their leaves all year round, so they are called evergreen. Almost all conifers reproduce by making seeds that develop in cones. Bougainvillea is a member of the Nyctaginaceae and is an example of a dicotyledonous stem which displays anomalous secondary growth.

In this TS, near the centre of the stem, you will see some primary vascular bundles embedded in lignified pith parenchyma. Secondary growth is the growth in thickness due to the formation of secondary tissues by lateral meristems. These tissues are formed by meristems, vascular cambium and cork cambium respectively. Secondary growth does not occur in monocots because monocots do not possess vascular cambium in between the vascular bundles. In general, monocots do not undergo secondary growth.

An increase in girth without secondary growth is referred to as anomalous thickening. In particular, secondary growth is substantial for constant plant growth and the remodeling of body structures. As an important meristem involved, the vascular cambium forms a cylindrical domain below the organ surface producing tissues for long-distance transport and mechanical support: wood xylem and bast phloem. Roots and stems of monocot plants do not show secondary growth due to absence of vascular cambium , with few exceptions e.

In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate, and gives rise to primary tissue.

Growth in plants occurs as the stems and roots lengthen. The increase in length of the shoot and the root is referred to as primary growth. It is the result of cell division in the shoot apical meristem. Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant. Both conifers and ferns are vascular plants. Botanical Online notes that conifers typically have needle-shaped leaves and are usually evergreen. Roughly species of conifers have existed on Earth for about million years.

Ferns are one of the oldest groups of plants on the planet, according to the American Fern Society , dating back to almost million years ago. Ferns, with more than 10, living species, are exceptionally diverse but generally leafy, low-growing plants with fronds leaves that unfurl as they grow. Shared conifer and fern characteristics include the fact that neither produce flowers. Flower production is essential to the way that many plants reproduce.

Conifers, such as pine trees, are naked seed vascular plants, also called gymnosperms. Instead of being completely covered by the parent plant, conifer seeds appear outside the plant in hanging cones. Generally, small male cones, usually near the bottom of the tree, contain pollen, while female cones, which are typically near the top of the tree, contain ovules.

When pollen from a male cone dispersed by the wind reaches a female cone, fertilization can occur, producing seeds. When female cones release their winged seeds, they will travel on the wind until landing and germinating.